Born in 1715:
Died in 1715:
Events of 1715:
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The final treaties ending The War of the Spanish Succession are signed:
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The Great Northern War sees naval action in the Baltic Sea, mostly
to the detriment of Sweden. Sweden's enemies eat away at Swedish holdings
in Pomerania.
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(April) The Danish fleet destroys a Swedish squadron off Femern.
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Prussia and Hanover (and hence Great Britain) declare war on Sweden.
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(November) Another Danish fleet lands a combined Danish-Prussian army at
Stresow.
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(December) Swedish King Charles XII escapes the capture of Stralsund,
sneaks back into Sweden, and begins plotting further adventures.
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Wolves roaming the streets of St. Petersburg kill several people.
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Louis XIV is succeeded by his five-year-old great-grandson, now Louis
XV. Real power is in the hands of the regent, his uncle Philip,
the duc d'Orleans. His other uncle, King Philip V of Spain,
eyes the throne he renounced just two years ago covetously.
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The entire Spanish treasure fleet is sunk in a hurricane off Florida.
The ship was carrying part of the dowry King Philip's new wife (Isabella
Farnese) demanded before she would consummate their union. Looks like
Philip's in a real bind.
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Benedict Leonard Calvert, having renounced Catholicism, lobbies to have
Maryland, a crown colony since 1689, given back to him. This
is successful, although not in time for Benedict. His son Charles
Calvert is reinstated as Lord Proprietor of Maryland.
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The remaining supporters of the Stewart dynasty, members of the Tory
political party known as "Jacobites", are unhappy with the accession
of George I the previous year. The new king, also, the elector
of Hanover, speaks no English whatsoever. In addition, he is a Protestant,
and Jacobite supporters fume at the passing over of many Catholic candidates
with better claims. They attempt to depose George, with French backing.
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(September) The Earl of Mar, a nobleman who had not recieved a coveted
government position from the new king, gathered the Highland clans.
He also forms Jacobite units from Catholic Stewart supporters in northern
England. Mar takes Inverness and perth, but fails to capture Edinburgh.
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(November 12) After two months of troop movements, the southern Jacobite
army (led by the the Earl of Derwentwater) is defeated by four regiments
of dragoons at the Battle of Preston.
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(November 13) The Earl of Mar fails to capitalize on his advantage at the
Battle of Sherriffmuir, and on top of that, Highland clans loyal to George
recapture Inverness.
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Louis XIV's death means that there will be no help from France. The rest
of the year sees the constant weakening of Jacobite forces and the constant
strengthening of George's.
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(December 22) James Edward Stewart finally arrives in Scotland and promptly
falls ill. This hardly matters; the Jacobite cause is already hopeless.
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Parliament passes the Riot Act in response to the uprising: If
an official "reads the Riot Act" to an assembly
of 12 or more persons, failure to disperse becomes a capital offense.
1714 - 1715 - 1716
How they Were Made - 18th Century