To sing of Wars, of Captains, and of Kings,
Of Cities founded, Common-wealths begun,
For my mean Pen are too superior things;
Or how they all, or each their dates have run,
Let Poets and Historians set these forth.
My obscure lines shall not so dim their worth.
- Anne Bradstreet, The Tenth Muse
He nothing common did or mean
Upon that memorable scene,
But with his keener eye
The axe's edge did try.
- Andrew Marvell, An Horatian Ode upon Cromwell's return
from Ireland
Born in 1650:
Died in 1650:
-
French philosopher and mathematician Rene Descartes, in Stockholm.
-
Japanese painter Iwasa Matabei.
-
Matsudaira Tadanao, deposed prefect of Echizen.
-
French painter Francois Perrier.
-
French painter Trophime Bigot.
-
Dutch painter Jacob Pinas.
-
German engraver and cartographer Matthäus Merian.
-
Englsh herbalist and botanist John Parkinson.
-
Portugese composer Manuel Cardoso.
-
German astronomer Christoph Scheiner.
-
English engraver Martin Droeshout, best known for the portrait
of William Shakespeare on the First Folio publication of the Bard's
plays.
-
English poet Phineas Fletcher.
-
(approx). Basque male impersonator and conquistador Catalina de
Arauzo.
-
John Williams, retired Archbishop of York.
-
Royalist general James Graham, first Marquess of Montrose, see
below.
-
William II, prince of Nassau and Count of Orange, stadtholder
of The Netherlands.
-
Irish Royalist Bishop Heber McMahon, hanged in Enniskillen after his capture.
-
Irish Royalist leader Sir Phelim O'Neill, hanged.
-
Dorgon, Prince of Manchuria and regent of China.
Events of 1650:
-
Johan de Witt publishes his treatise on conic sections, Elementa
curvarum linearum, then moves on to politics. He leaves
Dordrecht as the leader of his city's delegation to the Dutch government
in The Hague.
-
Anne Bradstreet's brother-in-law takes a collection of poems she wrote
in Massachusetts across the Atlantic and has them published. The
Tenth Muse, Lately sprung up in America. By a Gentlewoman in
those parts is probably the earliest-known work of American literature.
-
Henry Vaughn's collection of religious poems, Silex Scintillans,
is published.
-
Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan's wives direct building projects,
too. Begum Fatehpuri completes her project, Delhi's Fatehpuri Masjid
Mosque. Shah Jahan begins another mosque, Delhi's Jama Masjid.
-
Otto Von Guericke invents the air pump, and also discovers a
new way of collecting static electricity, using a ball of sulfur.
-
Oliver Cromwell has consolidated power in England, but still needs to mop up Ireland and Scotland.
-
(May) At Clonmel in Ireland, confusion of orders allows the defenders to kill hundreds of Roundheads. Oliver Cromwell goes home in disgust, leaving the war to his son-in-law.
-
Bishop Heber Mc Mahon, bishop of Clogher, takes over the Royalist army. He takes Dungiven but is crushed at Scarrifhollis.
-
His army smashes Scottish forces supporting Charles, son of
beheaded king Charles I, at the Battle of Dunbar.
-
Meanwhile, the Marquess of Montrose leads a force from the Orkneys, but
is surprised by Covenanter cavalry. The Battle of Carbisdale
is a rout, and the Marquess is captured and later beheaded.
-
Prince Charles signs the Covenant, becoming a Presbyterian.
-
Swedish chancellor Axel Oxenstierna falls ill and twenty-four-year-old
Kristina Vasa is left to plan her own coronation.
-
The commoners of Sweden want a reduction in taxes; the nobility oppose
it. Kristina sides with the nobility, taking as payment their acceptance
of her lover Karl Gustav as her heir. This enrages Polish
King Jan II Casimir Wazy, who threatens war. Cardinal Mazarin brokers
a peace summit in Lübeck but the Poles are not satisfied.
-
Soon after Rene Descartes presents Queen Krisitna plans for her new Academy,
she talks her guest into getting up at 5 AM for a mathematical discussion,
far before his usual hour. Descartes catches pneumonia and dies a
week later.
-
Cardinal Jules Mazarin arrests the princes du Condé, Conty, and
Longueville, who were the principal forces behind the previous year's
peace treaty with Spain. Mazarin wants no peace with Spain. Many french
nobles do, and The 'Fronde' erupts into violence again.
Italians are seen as warmongers; most of those in France flee. Frondist
Marshal Jean Turenne attempts to invade France from the Spanish Netherlands
but Marshal Plessis Praslin defeats him.
-
William II would like his brother-in-law restored to the throne of England,
but the leaders of the Dutch states think that's a very bad idea.
In order to force their compliance, he imprisons them. However, while
negotiating a peace treaty with France he catches smallpox and dies, aged
25. His son, born weeks later, inherits Nassau and Orange, but the
office of stadtholder is suspended.
-
With his uncle Dorgon's death, Qing Emperor Sun Zhi theoretically
rules in his own right now, but he is twelve years old and the eunuchs
and Buddhist priests of the Forbidden City are making the decisions.
-
Serbians revolt against Ottoman rule.
-
Muscat and Oman, led by Imam Bin Saif al-Yarubi, expel the
Portuguese from the northern ports they occupied. Now free from
both Ottoman and European control, al-Yarubi becomes the first sultan
of Oman.
-
Maryland's governor William Stone organizes a
new county out of the area north of the Patuxent River, naming it for
his Lord Proprietor's wife, Anne Arundel.
-
New Mexico Governor Hernando de Ugarte y la Concha discovers a plan for
an uprising of Pueblo Indians and crushes it before it begins.
Of course, 1650 is a convenient round number for people to date things
that happened about this time, if not precisely this year. Among
them:
-
In Western music, the use of harmony becomes much better developed and
more widespread.
-
A new form of musical composition, the overture, appears in Italy and
France.
-
Native cultures on the North American Great Plains are completely transformed
by horses, which have escaped or been stolen from Spanish ranches in
New Mexico.
-
The human population of the Earth reaches 500 million.
-
English slave traders begin to take business away from the Dutch.
Ships carrying hundreds of captives from Africa begin arriving in Virginia.
1649 - 1650 - 1651
How They Were Made - 17th Century