political crimes (idea)

Thoughtcrime was actually a real offense, punishable by exile or death, in China during the Cultural Revolution. The exact details are blurry (that entire period of time was fairly badly documented, they killed all the intellectuals), but you can get persecuted for just about anything in that time of chaos and hell:

• Crime of lineage - If your parents were capitalists, you might as well pack up and go to Hong Kong (like my parents did). Not exactly a thoughtcrime (birthcrime?!?)
• Crime of education - To be educated is a crime. Mao Zedong never got past 6th grade, so he had a grudge against intellectuals. To think like an intellectual was a crime.
• Rightist roader / Running Dog for the bourgeoisie - Even the thought of a thing as mundane as opening a shop or a farmer selling his wares will get them sent to the laogai for 10 year stretches
• Lack of enthusiasm for the socialist revolution - Called a traitor, publicly tortured, you're likely to catch a bullet in the head for your lack of love for Mao Zedong. You must not just act like a hot-headed fool, you must think like one too!
• Lack of faith - A single utterance of doubt of the omnipotence of the party, be it in their actions or their ability (or lack thereof) to deliver to the people gets you sent to jail. It's that simple.

There is plenty more. Happened in Russia too, I'm sure. You must not just act like a revolutionary, you must think like one as well, or else you're the enemy and must be dispatched for the good of the socialist revolution, so the line goes. And some complain about thoughtcrime persecution in America and other capitalist countries. George Orwell wasn't exactly talking about capitalism in 1984 now, wasn't he?