Title of a political manifesto, published June 27, 1968 in four Czechoslovakian newspapers and periodicals. The manifesto, written by Ludvík Vaculík and signed by prominent intellectuals (including communists), demanded an extension of the ongoing reform process, and called upon the people to form committees to take action (including, if necessary, to strike).
The Communist party leadership in Czechoslovakia, and not least Moscow, interpreted the manifesto as an attack on the authority of the party, and clear evidence of an impending counter-revolution in Czechoslovakia. As such, the manifesto was one of the causes of the Soviet intervention in Czechoslovakia in 1968.