Any one of a number of
tests that measure your ability to select the correct answer from a series of options
multiple choice true/false matching. Your results are then compared to a
sample population and you are told how you compare.
There is a growing movement in the educational community towards free response or essay questions. There is a belief that these evaluations are a better measure of competance.
However, since essay tests are difficult to evaluate and time consuming when administered nationally, the ScanTron appears to be a permanent resident of American education.