In the views of
S.E. Finer, in order to
define a
state (
city-state,
nation-state, etc.), it must possess five
characteristics:
Note: Pre-modern states usually only possessed three out of five, while modern states possess all five; though, it may only be to a slight degree.
1. The
territorial defined
population recognizes a
supreme form of
government.
2. This government is served by
civil servants, who make decisions concerning the state, and a
military force that protects the state.
3. The state is recognized by other states as
independent.
4. The population of the state forms a
community, or a sense of
nationality.
5. The members of the community mutually
participate in
duties and
benefits.
Source: The History of Government, by: S.E. Finer