Now the bitterness of death is past.
-Algernon Sidney, saying farewell to his wife before his execution
Ow, now the Plot is all come out,
That caus'd our Doubts and Fears,
And all the Tribe that made the Rout,
Both Commoners and Peers;
The mighty Patrons of the Cause,
'Gainst Pagan Popery,
Who rais'd a Gibbet for our Foes,
And hey Boys up go we.
-"Murder out at last", Tory satirical ballad by John Murcot
Born in 1683:
Died in 1683:
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English fishing maven Izaak Walton.
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English Puritan theologian John Owen.
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English dramatist and theater manager Thomas Killigrew.
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English poet John Oldham.
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English mathematician John Collins.
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German poet Ferdinand von Fürstenberg.
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German composer Andreas Fromm.
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German composer Philipp Friedrich Böddecker.
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GErman composer Johann Sebastiani.
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Dutch painter Willem van Aelst.
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Dutch painter Nicolaes Berghem.
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Dutch painter Jan Davidsz de Heem.
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Italian architect and mathematician Guarino Guarini.
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Austrian violin maker Jacob Stainer.
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English composer John Hingston.
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Portuguese sculptor Manuel Pereira.
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George Duca, prince of Moldavia. Stephen Petriceicu outlives his rivals and takes the throne.
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John Lambert, Parliamentary general during the English Civil War.
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Roger Williams, founder of Rhode Island.
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Jean Baptiste Colbert, chief minister of French king Louis XIV.
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Queen Marie-Thérèse of France, wife of Louis XIV.
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Several Whig politicians for suspicion of involvement in the Rye House
Plot (see below):
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Italian-born composer Alessandro Poglietti, killed in the siege
of Vienna.
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15,000 Turkish soldiers and 4,000 Polish, Austrian, and Bavarian soldiers
before Vienna, see below.
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Kara Mustafa, Grand Vizier of The Ottoman Empire, see below.
Events of 1683:
-
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek looks into his microscope and discovers the bacteria
that cause gingivitis.
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Charlottenburg Palace is completed in Copenhagen.
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Takakazu Seki Kowa publishes a study of determinants.
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Isaac Newton describes how tides are the effect of gravity.
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Cristopher Wren designs Piccadilly Circus and St. James' Place.
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William Penn enters into a treaty with the Lenni Lenape (Delaware)
Indians, granting him southeastern Pennsylvania.
-
New York's legislature meets for the very first fime in Fort Orange.
(Albany, Dutchess, Kings, Manhattan,
Orange, Queens, Richmond County, NYRichmond, Suffolk, Ulster, and Westchester Counties are created).
-
Siamese King Phra Narai makes Greek adventurer Constantine Phaulkon
his first minister.
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The Siege of Vienna
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(March) Polish King Jan III Sobieski and Holy Roman Emperor Leopold I sign a mutual defense treaty in
Warsaw.
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(July) An Ottoman army of 100,000 arrives before Vienna and lays siege.
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(August) Vienna is running out of food and ammunition, and the walls have
been breached in several places.
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(September) Sobieski and 30,000 Polish troops arrive before Vienna. Sobieski
leads a Bavarian-Polish cavalry charge into the middle of the Turkish
camp, and the Viennese garrison breaks out of the city and attacks the
Turkish army from the rear; the siege becomes a rout. Kara Mustafa's
son is captured. Although Kara Mustafa escapes, Sultan Mohammed
IV has him garrotted for his humiliating failure. The next 250
years will see the once-mighty Ottoman Empire degenerate into 'The Sick
man of Europe'.
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Among the fighters is 20-year-old Prince Eugene of Savoy, who had come
to Vienna after being refused a commission by Louis XIV.
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A Jewish baker in Vienna invents the Bagel in honor of Sobieski's
victory.
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English king Charles II and his brother James (Duke
of York) are expected to go to the races at Newmarket. Several
Whig politicians plan to assassinate them at a Hoddeston, Hertfordshire
watering-hole, Rumbold's Rye House, on the way back. The jig is
up when Charles leaves earlier than expected. Of
the leaders, the Earl of Shaftesbury is captured and the Duke of
Monmouth escapes to France. In a round-up of the usual suspects, William
Russell and Algernon Sidney are also arrested. Although the evidence against
them is flimsy, Russell is beheaded, Sidney hanged. Executioner Jack
Ketch dulls his hatchet before striking. (Some sources indicate
that there were several plots).
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Laurens Cornelis van Graff leads eight ships full of buccaneers in a
sack
of Veracruz.
1682 - 1683 - 1684
How They Were Made - 17th Century