Born in 1793:
Died in 1793:
1793 was a particularly bloody year in France. The
Reign of Terror
began in response to a royalist counterrevolution in the
Loire valley.
At the same time, France was fighting a war on two fronts. This afforded
all sides ample opportunity for executions, massacres, reprisals, and other
atrocities. Some of the more notable deaths were:
Events of 1793:
-
(January 23) Prussia and Russia each help themselves
to generous slices of Poland.
-
France descends into a regime of terror, and Europe erupts into war over
the execution of Louis XVI:
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Thomas Paine and Olympe de Gouges vote against the King's execution.
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(February 1) France declares war on Great Britain and the Netherlands.
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(February 24) It is decided to draft 300,000 men for the army.
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(March 5) the Austrians re-take Liege in Belgium.
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(March) The Vendee region revolts over the levy of troops.
A royalist army quickly takes control over the region.
-
(April 6) In Paris, the Committee of Public Safety is created
to deal with the revolt.
-
(April 22) President George Washington issues a proclamation declaring
that the United States will remain neutral in the conflict enveloping
Europe.
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(May) The Law of the Maximum regulates the price of bread.
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(June) The moderate Girondist faction is suppressed and imprisoned.
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(July 23) the Prussians and Austrians recapture Mainz. Johann
Gutenberg's grave is destroyed in the shelling.
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(July 27) Maxamillen Robespierre elected to the Committee of Public
Safety.
-
Robespierre has Thomas Paine arrested.
-
(August 1) The Committee of Public Safety decides on a policy of extermination
in the Vendee region.
-
(August 27) Robespierre is head of the Comittee of Public Safety
and virtual dictator of France.
-
(October) Lazare-Marguérite Carnot launches several offensives:
One in Flanders and one in southeastern France. Despite facing invasion from all of its neighbors, The French army manages to hold off, and even begins to push back, foreign armies.
- (October 1-16) Carnot and General Jean-Baptiste Jourdan, with an army of raw recruits, defeat the Austrian Army led by the Duke of Saxe-Coburg at Wattignies. Jourdan breaks a siege of Maubeuge the same day Marie Antoinette loses her head.
-
(October 18) An army of 40,000 Vendeeans and 20,000 women and children
flee across the Loire.
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(December 12) 15,000 Vendeeans are killed at the Battle of Le Mans.
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(December 23) An army of 5000 Vendeeans is wiped out at Savenay.
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Radicals and reformers in Great Britain are harassed, arrested,
tried, repressed; some are transported to Australia.
-
The British evacuate Toulon as a French army (including a 23-year-old
artillery captain, Napoleon Bonaparte) overwhelms them.
-
Toussaint L'Ouverture, acting for the Spanish, captures much
of France's colony of Saint-Domingue on Hispaniola. The British
capture much of the rest, but decide to help the Vendeeans instead, and
pull out. Thousands of refugees flee to Baltimore.
-
Shah Zaman seizes the throne of Afghanistan.
-
France names its new unit of measurement the "metre".
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The United States Congress enacts a Fugitive Slave Act allowing
slaveowners to recover escaped slaves who had crossed into territory
where slavery was not countenanced.
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Thomas and Jane Rose are the first Europeans who are not convicts to
settle in Australia
-
(September 18) The cornerstone of the United States Capitol is
laid.
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Eli Whitney patents his cotton gin.
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(August 18) A hurricane destroys much of New Orleans.
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A Yellow Fever epidemic wreaks havoc in Philadelphia.
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Alexander Mackenzie reaches the Pacific Ocean.
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Toronto Harbour is surveyed. Upper Canada Governor Simcoe
and his family settle there.
1792 - 1793 - 1794