Lithium Carbonate (LiCO3) is a compound often used in psychiatric medicine for the treatment of Bipolar Personality Disorder (aka manic depression). While its exact mechanism of action is unknown, Lithium does not have the sedative effect characteristic of most other anti-manic agents. What is known is that Lithium Carbonate reduces the action of Norepinephrine and Serotonin in the brain, and inhibits the production of Cyclic AMP.

Lithium acts as a mood stabilizer, and is used to treat severe manic episodes. (Editorial aside: Do not take Lithium if you're depressed. Don't.) Lithium should not be given to patients with cardiovascular or renal disease, nor should it ever be used in conjunction with a salt-free diet.

Lithium reaches peak blood serum concentrations 2-4 hours after administration, and has a serum half life of 20-24 hours (longer in patients with impaired renal function). It is usually administered orally, as a pill or capsule. Standard starting dosage is 300 mg twice daily; this is usually increased to an effective dose of 900-1800 mg per day, divided into two or three doses.

The effective dose of Lithium is relatively close to a toxic overdose, so it is important that patients are tested monthly for toxic serum levels. Side effects of Lithium Carbonate include fatigue, thirst, polyuria, and characteristic hand tremors.


I hope I haven't left out anything important. If I have, somebody /msg me and I'll fix things.
Lithium is a miracle drug -- ask any person with bipolar disorder (like me) and they'll tell you what it has done for them or a bipolar they've known. Newer drugs like valproic acid (Depakote), Tegretol, and antipsychotics like Geodon or Risperdal have been tried; but for something like 2/3rds of the bipolar population lithium is king for mania control.

That said, Lithium is extremely toxic as metioned above and MUST be used in conjunction with a psychiarist's supervision and very frequent blood tests. Tests frequently include not only a "lithium level", but also tests for thyroid (TSH) level and control to rule out hypothyroidism, somewhat common in people on lithium maintenance. Also, many times a doctor will include a creatine level, a marker of renal ability. Fasting blood tests are an annoyance, but time spent at the lab is better than lapsing into coma, seizure, possible brain damage, and death from a through-the-roof lithium level.

In my case, and in most cases I suspect, the use of alcoholic beverages while on lithium is prohibited. This has not impacted my social life (at 24) but for some this might be a hinderance. Alcohol disrupts the effect of lithium, which the body cannot handle at the same time as alcohol.

I suffer from involuntary tremor in my hands, which can be controlled through certain supplemental medications that I choose not to take. I am less concerned with cosmetic issues. The jury is still out on renal dysfunction and permanent damage with the lithium alone, so I am not eager to take yet more medications if I can live without them. All in all, lithium has given me my life back, even if I will never be able to properly handwrite again.
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