By Lord Byron, written in 1816 and finished and revised in 1817 in Venice after the meeting in Geneva with P.B. and Mary Shelley, as well as others. Manfred represents an excellent example of the Byronic Hero, and includes the motifs of the Doppelgänger, duality, naturalism, and the incredible defiance of the human will.



In noding the dramatic poem, I used the text from http://www.litgothic.com/Texts/manfred.html

this text is the final version Byron edited himself, and has been slightly reformatted by me. As I am not gifted with HTML, there may be inconsistencies in the formatting. If you find problems, please let me know!

All of the scenes of Manfred linked above are now CST Approved!