A counting system that uses only one digit. The places in the system follow the same rules as all other counting systems. The number 5 is represented in unary as:
11111
which translates to:
14+13+12+11+10

However, this yields: 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 = 5. Much less interesting than other number systems.

Prime numbers in unary have an interesting property that allows them to be matched by the following perl regular expression:
perl -le '{(1 x ++$_) !~ /^(11+)\1+$/ && print; redo}'

Compare to binary or decimal