A large-scale catastrophe predicted to follow (Giant) First Impact and Second Impact. It was officially explained that Third Impact would be caused by contact between an Angel and Adam kept underground below Tokyo-3, and that the Evangelions and NERV existed to prevent this from happening. However, the objective of the Instrumentality Project was actually to initiate Third Impact.

Source: The End of Evangelion : Glossary contained within The End of Evangelion - Theatrical Program.