See also: venipuncture

Peripheral venous access is required for:

• Administration of fluids
• Administration of drugs
• Obtaining a blood sample

Central venous access is required for:

• Parenteral nutrition
• Monitoring of central venous pressure
• Cardiac pacing
• Difficult peripheral access

Possible complications of venepuncture:

• Haemorrhage
• Air embolus
• Pneumothorax
• Cardiac arrhythmias
• Pericardial tamponade
• Failed cannulation
• Venous thrombosis
• Infection

Polderman K H, Girbes A R J. Central venous catheter use: mechanical complications. Intensive Care Med 2002; 28: 1-17.
Polderman K H, Girbes A R J. Central venous catheter use: infectious complications. Intensive Care Med 2002; 28: 18-28.