In 1955 William Carlos Williams published Journey to Love, and in The Ivy Crown Williams uses a sort of stream of consciousness that is similar in length and structure to Perpetuum Mobile. In the first stanza of The Ivy Crown, Williams makes a reference to the story of Antony and Cleopatra, which is interesting to compare with To Mark Antony in Heaven, which was published in 1913, in order to more clearly see the differences between his early and later works:
Antony and Cleopatra/were right;/they have the shown the way. I love you/or I do not live
Why did you follow/that beloved body/with your ships at Actium?/I hope it was because/you knew her inch by inch/from slanting feet upward/to the roots of her hair
To Mark Antony in Heaven
In the earlier poem, the speaker is addressing Antony, and he is making the statement that love is more important than honor. Then, 45 years later, Williams applies the story of Antony and Cleopatra to his personal life, and both the tone and language seem much more personal and meaningful, especially by using I and you, as opposed to simply making a general statement which applies to all. In addition, there is the concept of mature, experienced love versus that of young lovers:
love is cruel/and selfish/and totally obtuse-/at least, blinded by the light,/young love is./But we are older
This demonstrates a strong connection to the metaphor of Antony and Cleopatra's relationship. While To Mark Antony in Heaven made a powerful statement about love, it was a slightly more superficial reaction, at least in comparison with the greater depth of analysis shown in The Ivy Crown.
The whole process is a lie,
unless,
crowned by excess,
It break forcefully,
one way or another,
from its confinement-
or find a deeper well.
Antony and Cleopatra
were right;
they have shown
the way. I love you
or I do not live
at all.
Daffodil time
is past. This is
summer, summer!
the heart says,
and not even the full of it.
No doubts
are permitted-
though they will come
and may
before our time
overwhelm us.
We are only mortal
but being mortal
can defy our fate.
We may
by an outside chance
even win! We do not
look to see
jonquils and violets
come again
but there are,
still,
the roses!
Romance has no part in it.
The business of love is
cruelty which,
by our wills,
we transform
to live together.
It has its seasons,
for and against,
whatever the heart
fumbles in the dark
to assert
toward the end of May.
Just as the nature of briars
is to tear flesh,
I have proceeded
through them.
Keep
the briars out,
they say.
You cannot live
and keep free of
briars.
Children pick flowers.
Let them.
Though having them
in hand
they have no further use for them
but leave them crumpled
at the curb's edge.
At our age the imagination
across the sorry facts
lifts us
to make roses
stand before thorns.
Sure
love is cruel
and selfish
and totally obtuse-
at least, blinded by the light,
young love is.
But we are older,
I to love
and you to be loved,
we have,
no matter how,
by our wills survived
to keep
the jeweled prize
always
at our finger tips.
We will it so
and so it is
past all accident.