A group of German artists named after the
German Revolution of November 1918,
founded in
Berlin on 3 December 1918 and approximately active until 1932. The
group was extremely open to all different art forms like
Dadaism,
Expressionism,
Cubism,
Surrealism, and
Futurism. The group also maintained contact with the
Bauhaus movement:
works from the masters of the Bauhaus and their pupils were frequently represented at
the group's exhibitions. Group members were
Paul Klee,
Oskar Schlemmer,
George Grosz and
Otto Dix.
While initially opened for visual artists, the group later embraced musicians and literary artists (1922)
as long as they "had a firm grounding in the radical views of art and artists". The music department of the group, headed by
Max Butting, attracted composers like
Kurt Weill,
Vladimir Vogel and
Stefan Wolpe (all pupils of
Ferruccio Busoni),
Hanns Eisler,
George Antheil,
Jascha Horenstein and
Felix Petyrek (pupils of
Schreker).