The Army National Guard consists of the part of the organized militia of the several States and Territories, Puerto Rico, and the District of Columbia, active and inactive, that (A) is a land force; (B) is trained, and has its officers appointed, by the States according to the discipline prescribed by Congress (U.S. Constitution, article I, section 8, clause sixteen); (C) is organized, armed, and equipped wholly or partly at Federal expense; and (D) is federally recognized.