Alphabetic
writing was invented in the
Levant in about 1600 BC. In the alphabetic system, a single
sign represents a sound and so, unlike early
pictograms, which were used to
represent objects, the number of characters needed for written communication is considerably reduced. At the town of
Ugarit, in modern Syria, a
cuneiform alphabet with 32 symbols was in use by about 1400 BC, and there were attempts at this time to simplify the
Egyptian hieroglyphic system. By the early tenth century, the earliest known fully alphabetic
Canaanite system had evolved, as evidenced by an inscription on the
sarcophagus of Ahiram, ruler of
Tyre. Phoenician and early Hebrew alphabets are related to this lesser known Canaanite system. When the
Greeks adopted the alphabetic system, they introduced and adapted signs for representing vowels, since the Canaanite system was only used for
consonants.