(Abbreviated as
AMD) Form of
mine pollution that affects
river systems. AMD occurs when
sulfide-bearing minerals, usually
mine tailings, are exposed to
air and
water. This creates
sulfuric acid, which causes
heavy metals to
dissolve and leech into nearby
stream/river systems.
AMD has dramatic effects on water quality, often killing fish and destroying aquatic habitats. Such potential for environmental destruction is largely due to the fact that it is extremely acidic, and can contain up to 300 times the acid concentrations of acid rain. Acid Mine Drainage is virtually impossible to treat with current anti-contamination technologies, and can continue for centuries after the appearance of toxic waste.