将軍
Shôgun is Japanese for "
general", cf. the book about
Douglas MacArthur called
Gaijin Shogun. A Japanese could not become a shogun if they were not born into the
samurai class: this is what happened to
Toyotomi Hideyoshi, who was forced to settle with the title of
kampaku, or Chief Advisor to the Emperor—shogun in all but name.
Shoguns ruled governments called bakufu. There were three major bakufu in Japanese history, one at Kamakura, one near Kyoto, and one at Edo.
Kamakura shoguns
Minamoto Yoritomo (1192 – 1199)
Minamoto Yoriie (1202 – 1203)
Minamoto Sanetomo (1203 – 1219)
Fujiwara Yoritsune (1226 – 1244)
Fujiwara Yoritsugu (1244 – 1252)
Kyoto shoguns
Ashikaga Takauji (1338 – 1358)
Ashikaga Yoriakira (1358 – 1367)
Ashikaga Yoshimitsu (1368 – 1394)
Ashikaga Yoshimochi (1394 – 1423)
Ashikaga Yoshikazu (1423 – 1425)
Ashikaga Yoshinori (1429 – 1441)
Ashikaga Yoshikatsu (1442 – 1443)
Ashikaga Yoshimasa (1443 – 1473)
Ashikaga Yoshihisa (1473 – 1489)
Ashikaga Yoshitane (1490 – 1494)
Ashikaga Yoshizumi (1494 – 1508)
Ashikaga Yoshitane (1508 – 1521)
Ashikaga Yoshiharu (1521 – 1546)
Ashikaga Yoshiteru (1546 – 1565)
Yoshihide Yoshiaki (1568 – 1573)
Edo shoguns
Tokugawa Ieyasu (1603 – 1605)
Tokugawa Hidetada (1605 – 1623)
Tokugawa Iemitsu (1623 – 1651)
Tokugawa Ietsuna (1651 – 1680)
Tokugawa Tsunayoshi (1680 – 1709)
Tokugawa Ienobu (1709 – 1712)
Tokugawa Ietsugu (1712 – 1716)
Tokugawa Yoshimune (1716 – 1745)
Tokugawa Ieshige (1745 – 1760)
Tokugawa Ieharu (1760 – 1786)
Tokugawa Ienari (1786 – 1837)
Tokugawa Ieyoshi (1837 – 1853)
Tokugawa Iesada (1853 – 1858)
Tokugawa Iemochi (1858 – 1866)
Tokugawa Yoshinobu (1866 – 1867)