[Allah|الله]

ALLAH
The 99 Attributes
He who has the power to create the entities

It is not possible to perfectly translate the names and attributes of Allah from original Arabic into English. However, here are some fairly close explanations -

Ar-Rahman: The Most [Compassionate], Most [Kind]
Ar-Rahim: The Most [Merciful]
Al-Malik: The [Master], The [King], The [Monarch]
Al-Quddus: The [Pure], The [Holy] One
As-Salaam: The [Peace], The [Tranquility]
Al-Mu'min: The [Faithful], The [Trust]ed
Al-Muhaymin: The [Protector], The [Vigilant], The [Controller]
Al-'Aziz: The [Almighty], The [Powerful]
Al-Jabbar: The [Oppressor], The All [Compelling]
Al-Mutakabbir: The [Haughty], The [Majestic], The [Lord]
Al-Khaliq: The [Creator], The [Maker]
Al-Baari': The [Inventor]
Al-Musawwir: The [Fashioner], The [Organiser], The [Designer]
Al-Ghaffar: The [Forgiving], The [Forgiver]
Al-Qahhar: The [Almighty], The [Dominant]
Al-Wahhab: The [Donor], The [Bestower]
Ar-Razzaq: The [Provider], The [Sustainer]
Al-Fattah: The [Opener], The [Revealer]
Al-'Alim: The All [Knowing], The [Omniscient]
Al-Qabid: The [Contract]or, The [Restrain]er, The [Recipient]
Al-Basit: The [Expand]er, The [Increase]r
Al-Khafid: The [Abase]r, The [Humble]r
Ar-Rafi': The [Raise]r, The [Exalt]er
Al-Mu'iz: The [Honoure]r, The [Exalt]er
Al-Muzil: The [Abase]r, The [Subdue]r
As-Sami': The All [Hearing], The All [Knowing]
Al-Basir: The All [Seeing], The [Insightful]
Al-Hakam: The [Arbitrator], The [Judge]
Al-'Adl: The [Justice], The [Equitable]
Al-Latif: The Most [Gentle], The [Gracious], The [One] Who is [Kind]
Al-Khabir: The [Aware], The [Segacious]
Al-Halim: The [Gentle], The Most [Patient], The [Benevolent]
Al-'Azim: The [Great], The [Mighty]
Al-Ghafoor: The [Forgiving], The [Pardoner]
Ash-Shakur: The [Grateful], The [Thankful]
Al-'Aliy: The Most [High], The [Exalted]
Al-Kabir: The [Greatest], The [Biggest]
Al-Hafiz: The [Guardian], The [Preserver]
Al-Muqit: The [Maintainer], The [Nourisher]
Al-Hasib: The [Noble], The [Reckoner]
Al-Jalil: The [Majestic], The [Honorable], The [Exalted]
Al-Karim: The Most [Generous], The [Bountiful]
Ar-Raqib: The [Guardian], The [Watcher]
Al-Mujib: The [Answer]er
Al-Wasi': The [Enricher], The [Omnipresent], The [Knowledgeable]
Al-Hakim: The Most [Wise], The [Judicious]
Al-Wadud: The [Affectionate], The [Loving]
Al-Majid: The [Glorious], The [Exalted]
Al-Ba'ith: The [Resurrector], The [Raise]r from death
Ash-Shahid: The [Witness]
Al-Haqq: The [Truth], The [Just]
Al-Wakil: The [Guardian], the [Trustee]
Al-Qawee: The [Powerful], The [Almighty], The [Strong]
Al-Matin: The [Strong], The [Firm]
Al-Walee: The [Supporter], The [Friend], The [Defender]
Al-Hamid: The [Praiseworthy], The [Commendable]
Al-Muhsi: The [Counter]
Al-Mubdi': The [Beginner], The [Creator], The [Originator]
Al-Mu'eed: The [Restore]r, The [Resurrect]or
Al-Muhyee: The [Bestower], The [Life] Giver
Al-Mumeet: The Bringer of Death, The Death Giver
Al-Hayy: The Ever-Living
Al-Qayyum: The Self-[Subsistent], The [Eternal], The Self-[Sustaining]
Al-Wajid: The All [Perceiving], The [Bountiful], The [Finder]
Al-Wahid: The [One], The [Unique]
Al-Majid: The [Noble], The [Illustrious]
Al-Ahad: The [Only], The [Unique]
As-Samad: The [Perfect], The [Eternal]
Al-Qadir: The [Able], The [Capable], The [Omnipotent]
Al-Muqtadir: The [Capable], The All [Powerful]
Al-Muqaddim: The [Presenter], The [Advancer], The [Expediter]
Al-Mu'akhkhir: The [Fulfiller], The [Deferrer]
Al-'Awwal: The [First]
Al-'Akhir: The [Last]
Az-Zahir: The [Apparent], The [Exterior], The [Manifest]
Al-Batin: The [Hidden], The [Interior], The [Veiled]
Al-Waali: The [Governor], The [Ruler], The [Master]
Al-Muta'ali: The [Exalt]ed, The Most [High], The [One] above [reproach]
Al-Barr: The [Benefactor], The [Beneficient], The [Pious]
At-Tawwab: The [Acceptor] of [Repentance], The [Forgiver], The [Relenting]
Al-Muntaqim: The [Avenger]
Al-'Afuww: The [Forgiver], The [Pardoner]
Ar-Ra'uf: The [Merciful], The Ever [Indulgent]
Al-Muqsit: The [Just], The [Equitable]
Aj-Jami': The [Collector], The [Comprehensive], The [Gatherer]
Al-Ghanee: The [Richest], The All [Sufficing], The [Self-Sufficient]
Al-Mughnee: The [Enricher], The [Sufficer], The [Bestower]
Al-Maani': The [Supporter]
Ad-Daarr: The [Distresser], The [Afflictor], The Bringer of [Adversity]
An-Nafi': The [Beneficial], The [Benefactor]
An-Nur: The [Light]
Al-Hadi: The [Guide]
Al-Badi': The [Wonderful], The [Maker], The [Incomparable]
Al-Baqi: The [Enduring], The [Everlasting], The [Eternal]
Al-Warith: The [Inheritor], The [Heir]
Ar-Rashid: The Rightly [Guided], The [Concious], The [Guide]
As-Sabur: The Most [Patient], The [Enduring]
Malik Al-Mulk: The [Ruler] of The Kingdom, The [King] of The Universe
Zul-Jalali wal-Ikram: [Lord] of [Majesty] and [Generosity]

All [Muslim|Muslims] must believe in the 'Oneness of the Names and Qualities of Allah' and this in arabic is known as [Tauhid-al-Asma'was-sifat]
It is not upto any man to name or qualify Allah except with what He or His Messenger [Muhammad|Mohammed] (p.b.u.h) has named or qualified him. Neither should anyone be named or qualified with the Names or qualifications of Allah e.g. Ar-Rahman - since this would attribute the characteristic of compassion and kindness in its [absolute] [totality] to someone other than Allah. But instead one can be named 'Abdur-Rahman' which would translate to 'Servant of the Most Compassionate the Most Kind'.

Allah is present over his throne as mentioned in the Qur'an -

[Quran] 20:05

The Most Gracious (Allah) rose over (Istawa) the (Mighty) Throne (in a manner that suits his majesty)

The Throne is over the seventh heaven and yet Allah comes down over the first (nearest) heaven on the day of [Arafah] and also during the last third part of every night as mentioned by Prophet Mohammed (p.b.u.h.) in authentic [hadith], and Allah has the knowledge of the seen and the unseen.

[Quran] 6:59-60

And with him are the keys of the Ghaib (all that is hidden), none knows them but He. And He knows whatever there is in the land and in the sea; not a leaf falls, but he knows it. There is not a grain in the darkness of the earth nor anything fresh or dry, but is written in a Clear Record.
It is he who takes your souls by night (when you are asleep), and has knowledge of all that you have done by day, then He raises (wakes) you up again that a term appointed (your life period) be fulfilled, then (in the end) unto Him will be your return. Then he will inform you of that which you used to do.

It is important to note that it is not as some muslims think that Allah is present everywhere i.e. here, there and even inside the breasts of men. Rather He knows of [Everything] and is closer to man than man is of himself.

[Quran] 50:16

And indeed We have created man, and We know what his ownself whispers to him. And We are nearer to him than his jugular vein (by Our Knowledge).

Allah has the quality of hearing and sight in its totality without bearing a likeness or a resemblance to his [creation].

[Quran] 50:16

...There is nothing like unto Him and He is the All-Hearer, the All-Seer.

Allah also has two hands, but again not bearing a likeness or a resemblance to his creation.

[Quran] 38:75

...To one whom I have created with Both My Hands...

[Quran] 48:10

...The hand of Allah is over their hands...

Finally, All muslims are required to believe with a [certainty] of mind, body and soul -

"La ilaha illallah"

(None has the right to be worshipped but Allah)

Allah (thing)