Les Cahiers du Cinema was the publication on film criticism from the 1950s-1970s. Literally, "Notebooks of the Cinema," the magazine was founded in 1951 by Andre Bazin, one of the great pillars of early film theory. It quickly collected a set of writers and directors inflicted upon and/or worshipped by film students ever since; they include Eric Rohmer, Francois Truffaut, Claude Chabrol, and Jean-Luc Godard.

The Cahiers are the main reason why art film snobs tend to sound like they're speaking French half the time. Many of their terms like film noir, auteur, and nouvelle vague (or New Wave, a cinematic movement they pretty much created) leaked off the journal's pages and at least nominally into the English language. (hey, at least they come up in the ol' Merriam-Webster) Not to mention their leakage into the heads of the next generation of Hollywood filmmakers!

Although it's not been accused of turning the film world upside down in recent years, the magazine is still around, on sale right next to Premiere in French tabacs everywhere.

Source: history classnotes, plus a little fact-checking at http://www.hoveyda.org/cahiers.html