Although there are no commandments in the Quran for Muslims to use miswak as a tooth brush, one will find many references in Hadith. One such hadith read as follow, "if it were not too much of a burden on the believers, I would prescribe that they use the siwak before each prayer."

The latin name for the tree is Salvadora Persica, known as Arak in Arabic.

The root of the tree is composed of the following,

Trim ethyl amine.
alkaloid salvadorine.
Chloride.
High amounts of fluoride and silica.
Sulphur.
Vitamin C.
Small amounts of Tannin, saponin, flavonoidsterol.

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http://www.fao.org/docrep/X5327e/x5327e1j.htm
http://www.crescentlife.com/wellness/miswak.htm