In Ray Kurzweil's book, The Age of Spiritual Machines, MOSH is an acronym for "Mostly Original Substrate Humans."

In the book, Kurzweil theorizes about the rise of advanced computer technology and artificial intelligence. He foresees that in the future, the line between machines and humans will become indistinguishable, and that most humans will be enhanced by neural implants. A MOSH is someone who does not have any enhancements, which according to Kurzweil will be unusual by 2099.