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In [Latin], the ablative case is used to refer to [adverb|adverbial] concepts ([means], [place] where, [time], [accompaniment], etc)

For Example:
English: "The [farmers] aren't in the [field]."
Latin: "Agricolae in agris non sunt."

English: "There are many [roads] in [Rome]."
Latin: "Romae sunt multae viae."

In Latin, the ablative case uses the endings:

      [Singular|Sing]  [Plural|Plur]
[First Declension|1Dec]   -a    -is
[Second Declension|2Dec]   -o    -is
[Third Declension|3Dec]   -e    -ibus
[Fourth Declension|4Dec]   -u    -ibus
[Fifth Declension|5Dec]   -e    -ebus

Ablative of [Respect]

The ablative case is sometimes used to show the respect to which something is [said], [given], or [done].

Examples of use:
English: "He is [king] in name."
Latin: "Est rex nomine."

English: "All these are similar in [language], [customs], and [laws]."
Latin: "Hi omnes lingua, institutis, et legibus similes sunt."

English: "The boy is large in body."
Latin: "Puer corpore magnus est."

Ablative of Place Where

Ablative is also used with the [preposition] 'in' to show the [place where] something is used or done.

Examples of use:
English: "The Farmers Aren't in the forest."
Latin: "Agricolae in silvis non sunt."

English: "There are slaves in Athens."
Latin: "Athenis sunt servar."

English: "My frind is in the house."
Latin: "Amicus meus in casa est."

Ablative [Absolute]

Also called nominative absolute, this is used to convey a conditional that is grammatically independant from the rest of the sentence structure.

Example of use:
English: "Caesar being leader, the city was saved."
Latin: "Caesare Duce, urbs servata est."

Ablative of [Accompaniment]

When used with the preposition cum and denoting [company] or [conflict], an ablative becomes ablative of Accompaniment.

Examples of use:
English: "The swords are with the [weapons] in the field."
Latin: "Gladii cum telis in agro sunt"

English: "The servants work with the Farmers."
Latin: "Servi cum agricolis laborant."

Ablative of Agent

Ablative of Agent is the Latin equivalent of the English [passive voice] phrase by whom or by what.

Example of use:
English: "The boy was carried by the servant"
Latin: "Puer a servo portabatur"

Ablative of [Cause]

This is used to express the cause or reason of an [action], [state], or [feeling].

Example of use:
English: "Caesar was praised because of his bravery."
Latin: "Caesar virtute laudati sunt."

Ablative of [Comparison]

Ablative of comparison is used when a comparison is expressed without using quam.

Example of use:
English: "Your plans are clearer to us than light."
Latin: "Consilia tua sunt clariora luce."

Ablative of Degree of [Difference]

This is generally used with paulo, multo, or a phrase containing a number to express degree of difference.

Example of use:
English: "I am much stronger."
Latin: "multo fortior sum."

Ablative of [Description]

Ablative can also be used to describe a [noun].

Example of use:
English: "He is a man of great courage."
Latin: "Homo magna virtute est."

Ablative of Place from which

When an ablative is used in [conjunction] with the [preposition]s a, ab, de, e, or ex, it demonstrates motion from one place to another.

Example of use:
English: "The messenger hastened from the city to the camp."
Latin: "Nuntius ab urbe ad castra properavit."

Ablative of [Manner]

Another common variant of the ablative used with cum, this shows how an action is done.

Example of use:
English: "The servants worked with [dilligence]."
Latin: "Servi cum diligentia laboraverant."

Ablative of [Means]

This is used to express the means by which something is [said], [given], or [done], without using cum.

Example of use:
English: "The master called the servant with a [trumpet]"
Latin: "Dominus tuba servum vocabat."

Ablative of [Separation]

This ablative is used to convey the state of being apart from something. If the ablative refers to a person, a [preposition] is used.

Examples of use:
English: "He freed his country from [danger]."
Latin: "Patriam periculo liberavit."

English: "He freed his country from the [enemy]."
Latin: "Patriam ab hostibus liberavit."

Sources:
Personal notes from [Latin] class
"Our Latin Heritage", book 2 ([ISBN] 0153894687)

Ablative (idea)