(Perl:)
Plain Old Documentation. POD is a very simple format for documentation, which can be automatically translated to text, troff/nroff/groff man format, HTML, FrameMaker, and who knows what else.

But that's not the cool thing about POD. The Perl compiler knows to ignore anything between a line starting with an `=' sign and a line `=cut'; all POD commands start with an `=' sign, and `=cut' tells POD to ignore everything up to the next POD command, so you can embed you POD in your Perl module! (You can also just keep it in a file, of course) This isn't quite literate programming, but it does mean that you have no excuses for not documenting your Perl!

(I do have excuses, but I'm not going to give them to you so easily)