A hypothetical stage of human evolution, now discredited, based on the discovery of an ape-like jawbone found near Piltdown, England, close to a human cranium. Archaeologists at this time thought that the large brain of the human evolved before its smaller mandible, and this was the evidence they had been looking for. Unfortunately, it happened to be bunk.

The perpetrator was never discovered, but some evidence points to Sir Arthur Conan Doyle.

Disproven 1953.

Piltdown Man in Tubular Bells, indeed! That was clearly Klingon opera!