Basically James Joyce's book follows Homer's (Homerus) famous poem/book, except for several parts. For example, the Wandering Rocks is added by Joyce itself, and basically gives a birdsview/summary of the book. As you may recall, in the real Homer, Ulysses was given two choices by Circe to route: Scylla and Charibdis or the Wandering Rocks.
Every chapter also symbolizes an organ in the human body or a symbol(or more, Irish/Greek/Jewish related).
For example, the Aolus chapter (who was the god of Winds in Greek mythology) is symbolized with the Lungs.
That's not all: Every chapter is symbolized with its own colours, every chapter symbolizes the growth of 'language' (with the climax in Oxen of the Sun.
Note that the '3 books' also mark 'the Holy trinity':
Stephen (son), Bloom (father) and Molly(the 'glue'/holy spirit).

Joyce's Ulysses can be organized in the following 'books' and chapters:

Telemachiad ('the search')

Telemachus
Nestor
Proteus

The Odyssey

Calypso
The Lotus eaters
Hades
Aolus
The Lestrygonians
Scylla and Charybdis
The Wandering Rocks
Sirens
cyclops
Nausicaa
Oxen of the Sun
Circe

Nostos

Eumaeus
Ithaca
Penelope


/msg me for any questions or remarks