1811 (place)

• American newspaper editor and politician Horace Greeley.
• French mathematician Evariste Galois.
• French mathematician Siméon-Dennis Poisson.
• American novelist Harriet Beecher Stowe.
• Hungarian composer Ferencz Liszt.
• English novelist William Makepeace Thackeray, in India.
• German mathematician Ludwig Otto Hesse.
• English architect Sir George Gilbert Scott.
• American politician and abolitionist Charles Sumner.
• American abolitionist and social reformer Wendell Phillips.
• Texas military figure Ben McCulloch.
• French mathematician and astronomer Urbain Le Verrier.
• German chemist Robert Bunsen.
• English physicist William Grove.
• French physicist Dominique Arago.
• German author Karl Ferdinand Gutzkow.
• Irish painter and illustrator Daniel Maclise.
• French poet Theophile Gautier.
• American newspaper columnist Sara Payson Willis Parton, better known as Fanny Fern.
• Romanian 1848 radical Ioan Maiorescu.
• (March 20) Napoleon Bonaparte II, from the elder Napoleon's new wife Marie-Louise.  He is immediately given the title "King of Rome".

• German dramatic poet Heinrich von Kleist, suicide.
• German educational reformer Friedrich Nicolai.
• French architect Jean-François-Thérèse Chalgrin, designer of the Arc de Triomphe.
• Scottish poet John Leyden.
• 25,000 French soldiers during the retreat from Portugal.
• (May 30) Mexican revolutionary Padre Miguel Hidalgo, firing squad.
• (August 3) Texas insurgent Juan Bautista de las Casas, firing squad.

• (December 16)  A large earthquake (estimated magnitude 8.0) rocks the entire Eastern United states.  Centered in northeastern Arkansas near New Madrid, Missouri.  Aftershocks topple chimneys in Cincinnati.
• King George III's insanity makes him unable to fulfill his duties, and his son is made Prince Regent over Great Britain.
• General Ned Ludd and his Army of Redressers start sending threats to manufacturers who are using machines to make products instead of apprenticed laborers.  Threats quickly turn into action:  Luddites start breaking into Nottingham factories and smashing the hated machines.   Luddism spreads throughout the Midlands; the Prince Regent offers rewards for the capture of the vandals.
• Jöns Berzelius introduces a system of identifying chemical elements by a one or two-letter abbreviation.
• Amadeo Avogadro publishes a work on the relative proportions of "molecules" in gases.
• (November 7) Shawnee spiritual leader "The Prophet" Tenskwatawa, acts against his brother Tecumseh's instructions and attacks Indiana Governor William Henry Harrison's troops at the Battle of Tippecanoe while Tecumseh is out trying to organize a pan-Indian coalition.  A minor victory for Harrison, it destroys all hope of the coalition.
• Mehmet Ali, the Ottoman viceroy in Egypt, invites the Mamluk Beys to a ceremony at the Citadel of Bab El Azab.  Once they are inside the Citadel, Ali has the gates closed and his Albanian and Turkish troops fire at the Mamelukes from the walls, all of the Mamlk Beys are killed. The lesser Mamluks are then hunted down and killed.
• Britain and France continue to fight the Peninsular War in Spain.  The Duke Of Wellington holds Lisbon while besieging French troops under Marshal Massena starve.
• (March 1) Massena pulls his army out of Portugal.
• (March 11) The French capture the border fortress of Bajadoz from the British.  Wellington now needs to take both Bajadoz and Almeida further to the north.
• (March 11) Battle of Barosa near Cadiz.  The Spanish army deserts as the French attack.  The British troops are forced to withdraw from Cadiz.
• (May 3-5) Battle of Fuentes de Oñoro.  Marshal Massena attacks Wellington's army besieging Almeida but the British hold.
• (May 6)  The British army lays siege to Bajadoz.
• (May 15) Battle of Albuera.  Marshal Soult attacks the British besieging Bajadoz.  Another "draw" that the French get the worst of; they withdraw and the siege continues.
• Wellington falls back into Portugal to rebuild his army, but the French fail to take advantage.
• (December) Napoleon Bonaparte decides to punish Tsar Alexander I for continuing to trade with Great Britain.  He begins to assemble his invasion army.
• The disintegration of Spain's colonial empire continues.
• (January 14) Padre Hidalgo blunders in his defense of Guadalajara and Spanish troops cut down his peasant army.  General Allende demotes Hidalgo and takes over the army.
• (January 21) Juan Bautista de las Casas leads a coup d'etat in Texas.
• (February 27)  Allende's representatives meet with de las Casas in San Antonio.   Allende wants military assistance from the United States
• (February 27) The Texas revolutionaries, fearing a repeat of the U.S.'s annexation of West Florida the previous year, thinks that's a bad idea. de las Casas is arrested.
• (March 21) Ignacio Elizondo betrays Allende's army at the Wells of Bajan in Coahuila; Allende and Padre Hidalgo are captured.
• (May 14) Paraguay declares its independence.  It is ruled by the despot José Gaspar Rodriguez de Francia.
• (May 18) José Gervasio Artigas defeats the Spanish at the Battle of Las Piedras in Uruguay.  The Spanish are eventually driven out of all Uruguay except for Montevideo.
• (May 24) Padre José Morelos de Pavón, now in charge of the rebel army in Mexico, captures Chilpancingo and begins to move toward Mexico City.
• (July 5) Venezuela gives up all pretense of loyalty to Ferdinand VII, and declares independence.
• (November 5) Father José Matias Delgado rings church bells calling for revolution in El Salvador.
• (November 11) New Granada (Colombia)'s declaration of independence is signed.

1810 - 1811 - 1812

How they Were Made - 19th Century