The name
Tel Aviv actually has a rather complex origin, and when it was given to the so-called "First Hebrew City", it relied on elements from two
Jewish traditions:
1. About 2500 years ago there used to be several Jewish yeshivah-cities in Babylon (nowadays in Iraqi territory). These cities were built by exiled Jews who lived in Babylon since the destruction of the first temple, and the first elimination of the kingdom of Judea and the Jewish monarchy (586 BCE). One of these cities (and by no means the largest or most important) was named Tel Aviv (Til Ubub as the name survived in Arabic). The city was abandoned at the time of the muslim occupation of Babylon (the 7th century CE), and sank into relative oblivion, but numerous mentions of it in Jewish scriptures (the Babylonian Talmud in particular, but also in the book of Ezekiel, 3:15), have kept the memory of the city in the mind of Jews.
2. The great synagogue of Prague (the Altneueschule - the Old New School) is one of the largest, most ancient and most famous in the world. It was also (or at least its name was) a source of influence on one of Theodore Herzl's most influential books: "Altneuland" (Old New Land). Herzl, who was the founder of political Zionism, described in this novel (and in another non-fiction book called "The State of the Jews") his vision of the Jewish state, which he considered a necessity and an inevitability. When Nachum Sokolow (another one of the first leaders of Zionism) wanted to translate "Altneuland" to Hebrew (Herzl never learned Hebrew and wrote in his first language - German), he decided to use the name 'Tel Aviv'.
Here I would like to divert in order to make a slight correction to the writeup of haggai, for though the word 'Tel' is quite often interchanged with 'Giv'a' (hill) in everyday speech, the actual meaning of it is slightly different, as the 'New Dictionary of the Hebrew Language' by A. Even-Shoshan (1982 edition) says:
Tel - An artificial hill, a place that has been elevated from its surroundings, usually by the process of piling of wrecks of older settlements.
"The name Tel Aviv," wrote Sokolow to Herzl upon choosing the name for the Hebrew translation, "not only is a combination that appears in the scriptures, but also has a symbolic meaning, not unlike the name of the book in the original: A ruined place that is once again blessed with spring." And indeed the first Hebrew translation of 'Altneuland' carried the name 'Tel Aviv'.
When it was time to name the rapidly evolving and growing city (that until the First World War, in which the majority of its population was deported by the Turks, who suspected them in spying and aiding the British army, was called Ahuzat-Bait - House Manor), the people decided to name it after the book, seeing themselves as those very people bringing spring to a ruined place.