In contemporary Israeli historiography, a school of thought which rejects the traditionally taught history of the foundation of the Israeli state - the vision of Israel as David against the Arab Goliath led heroically by David Ben Gurion and Moshe Dayan - and particularly its early dealings with the displaced Palestinians and the surrounding states; as accepting these views would undermine the legitimacy of many subsequent actions of the Israeli state as well, they are naturally not met with universal acclaim. Leading figures in this movement include Benny Morris, Tom Segev, Ilan Pappe and Avi Shlaim. Also referred to as the "new historians"; the "revisionist" label seems calculated to align them with holocaust deniers and the ilk.
Recommended (but obviously contentious - see mirv's writeup below) reading: Avi Shlaim, The Iron Road