Henricus Antonius van Meegeren (
1889-
1947)
Like so many other
art forgers,
Dutch artist Hans van Meegeren was embittered by his lack of success as a
painter. He was talented, and was briefly successful in the late 1910s and early 1920s, but he became an
alcoholic and
morphine addict after his rejection by the establishment.
After a fake
Frans Hals was denounced by critic
Abraham Bredius, van Meegeren set his sights on
Jan Vermeer. In many ways, Vermeer was the perfect target: only 36 works by Vermeer are still extant, and there is much we still don’t know about his life. Van Meegeren mixed his
pigments in the manner of the old masters, and he baked his canvases to age and crack the paintings.
He was more successful than he could have imagined. Van Meegeren’s
Christ at Emmaus was embraced by the very critic who spotted one of his previous fakes: Bredius. Now a nearly blind man in his eighties, Bredius boldly declared that "We have
the
masterpiece of Johannes Vermeer of
Delft." The art establishment followed Bredius’ lead, and van Meegeren’s 14 Vermeers were accepted as genuine. Van Meegeren had cleverly composed his painting with Bredius in mind, and must have been savoring his revenge.
World War II soon ravaged
Europe, and the
Nazis, who fancied themselves a cultured race, systematically looted the art treasures of the continent. One van Meegeren canvas,
Christ with the Adulteress, was the pride of the collection of
Reichsmarschall Hermann Göring, who had traded 200 paintings to acquire the "Vermeer". After the war, it was discovered in a horde of stolen art in a
salt mine in
Alt Aussee in northern
Austria. By May
1945, authorities in the
Netherlands had traced the canvas back to van Meegeren.
Everyone was convinced that the Vermeer was genuine, and van Meegeren could not explain how he had acquired the painting, so he was thrown in prison. The penalty for collaborating with the Nazis was death. To avoid the gallows, van Meegeren confessed to forgery and declared himself a patriot for hoodwinking Göring. His fakes were so good, and the art establihment so convinced as to the authenticity of the works, that no one believed him until he painted another Vermeer in his jail cell. Embraced by Americans as a hero, largely due to
Irving Wallace’s book
The Man Who Cheated Hermann Göring, the Dutch were not amused. The charges of collaboration were dropped and replaced with charges of forgery, and he was sentenced to one year in prison.
While in prison awaiting the
Nuremberg trials, Göring learned that his precious Vermeer was a fake. According to one account, "he looked as if for the first time he had discovered there was evil in the world." That must have been a nice
kick in the balls for the man who would soon dodge the hangman’s noose by taking poison, and for that alone, van Meegeren should be praised.
Van Meegeren never went to prison. He died in a rehab clinic in December
1947.
Reportedly,
Nicholas Hytner was going to direct a movie about van Meegeren’s life, but I can’t find any record of that film being made. Also see
Derek Mahon’s poem "
The Forger".