Worked together with Max Born. He also discovered Fermi Statistics, the statistical laws for governing the elementary particles - Fermions - affected by the Pauli Principle. He was also the brain behind the first controlled nuclear chain reaction.
- "for his demonstrations of the existence of new radioactive elements
produced by neutron irradiation, and for his related discovery of nuclear
reactions brought about by slow neutrons"
- -- Nobel Prize motivation
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Nobel Prizes: Physics
source: http://www.nobel.se