Euclid's Elements Book II Proposition 1
If there are two straight lines, and one of them is cut into any number of segments whatever, then the rectangle contained by the two straight lines equals the sum of the rectangles contained by the uncut straight line and each of the segments.
Let A and BC be two straight lines, and let BC be cut
at random at the points D and E.
I say that the rectangle A by BC equals the sum of the rectangle A by BD, the rectangle A by DE, and the rectangle A by EC.
Draw BF from B at right angles to BC.
Make BG equal to A. Draw GH through G parallel to BC. Through D, E, and C draw DK, EL, and CH parallel to BG.
Then BH equals the sum of BK, DL, and EH.
Now BH is the rectangle A by BC, for it is contained by GB and BC, and BG equals A;
BK is the rectangle A by BD, for it is contained by GB and BD, and BG equals A; and DL is the rectangle A by DE, for DK, that is BG, equals A.
Similarly also EH is the rectangle A by EC. II.Def.1
Therefore the rectangle A by BC equals the sum of the rectangle A by BD, the rectangle A by DE, and the rectangle A by EC.
Therefore if there are two straight lines, and one of them is cut into any number of segments whatever, then the rectangle contained by the two straight lines equals the sum of the rectangles contained by the uncut straight line and each of the segments.
Q.E.D.
Proposition 1 --> Proposition 2