It's associated with South Africa, but it was really an enhanced version of
what was already implemented in the United States. It was an attempt to keep all races separate, but "equal" - in practice, whites were "more equal than others". After decades of heavy-handed maintenance of that status quo, and increasing international and domestic opposition, Nelson Mandela was released from prison, free elections were held, and they all lived happily
ever after. Just like the US.