1625 (thing)

"He that will not apply new remedies must expect new evils; for time is the greatest innovator."

- Sir Francis Bacon, "Of Innovations," 1625

In the year AD 1625...

• The Thirty Years' War gets going again:
  • The Danish Intervention gets underway as Danish king Christian IV, buoyed by funds from England and France, raises an army of mercenaries and invades Saxony.
  • The English also give money and troops to rearm bedraggled Protestant general Ernst von Mansfeld, who launches an invasion of his own.
  • In response, Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand II recruits Albrect von Wallenstein, an absurdly wealthy Bohemian nobleman with a huge private army, and names him supreme commander of the Catholic forces.
• French king Louis XIII is clearly not upholding the terms of the Treaty of Montpellier and is making obvious preparations to attack the Huguenot stronghold at La Rochelle, prompting the outbreak of the Second Huguenot Rebellion. Huguenot forces capture the Isle of Rhé near La Rochelle and deal a devastating defeat to the French navy at the Battle of Blavet. However, a strong French counterattack retakes Rhé, forces Huguenot leader Benjamin, Duke of Soubise to flee to England, and causes the Huguenots to sue for peace, leading to the signing of the Treaty of Paris the following year.
• A massive joint Spanish-Portuguese fleet of 52 warships sails to Brazil and recaptures Salvador from the Dutch, destroying 12 of the 18 Dutch ships. A Dutch relief fleet of 33 ships arrives a few days late, but seeing how large the Iberian fleet is, runs away. The Dutch fleet then divides in three parts, with one part returning to the Netherlands and the other two attempting to get revenge by attacking the Spanish fortress at San Juan, Puerto Rico and the Portuguese fortress at Elmina in what is now Ghana, respectively. Both of these attacks are decisively defeated with huge losses for the Dutch, leading to a 5-year hiatus in Dutch raids on Spanish and Portuguese colonies.
• The Duke of Buckingham leads an abortive raid on the Spanish port of Cadiz, which has to be called off when his troops discover a warehouse full of wine while marching toward the city, and get too drunk to fight.
• Barbary Pirates attack southwestern England, looting a small town in Cornwall.
• Dutch jurist Hugo Grotius publishes On the Laws of War and Peace, one of the foundational texts of modern international law.

These people were born in 1625...

• Italian astronomer Giovanni Domenico Cassini.
• Dutch statesman Johan de Witt, leader of Holland from 1650 to 1672.
• French playwright Thomas Corneille.
• English memoirist Ann, Lady Fanshawe.
• Italian cardinal, diplomat, and scholar Saint Gregory Barbarigo.

These people died in 1625...

• English king James I, succeeded by his son Charles I.
• English playwright John Fletcher.
• Italian painter Sofonisba Anguissola.
• English composer Orlando Gibbons.
• English poet, doctor, and part-time pirate Thomas Lodge.
• German historian Ubbo Emmius.
• German uranographer Johann Bayer.
• Italian painter Giulio Cesare Procaccini.
• Catalonian priest Saint Michael de Sanctis.

1624 - 1625 - 1626

17th century

How they were made

This is a collaboratively edited writeup. You are encouraged to assimilate and supersede it.