Within Biology/Neurobiology there are two types of behaviour patterns relating to animals- Innate and learned, and within these two are several subcategories, including reflex, conditioning, imprinting, and social behaviour.

• Innate Behaviour: develops independently of the environmental context (i.e. nurture or experience). These behavioural patterns are controlled by genes inherited from parents, and they develop through the process of natural selection. Taxes, kineses, and spinal and cranial reflexes are all examples of innate behaviour patterns.
• Learned Behaviour: reflects the conditions that an animal might experience during development. See conditioning for an informative read. Operant conditioning is also known as trial and error learning, and then there's imprinting, one of my favorites...