A book in the Cambridge History of Science Series, but Thomas L. Hankins. The development of Scientific thought during the Enlightentment is really fascinating, and although Hankins's treatment of the subject is a bit dry, it still makes for good reading.

Of particular interest is the development of the so-called moral sciences during this period. Many of the thinkers of the time were so optimistic about the explanatory power of scientific thought that they decided that "scientific" definitions of things like justice were possible.

Hankins does a thorough survey of these and the other, more conventional studies, in his book.

Confidence Index: 4