It should be noted that the 53-byte size of an ATM-cell is due to the dumbest compromise in the history of telecommunication.

53 bytes is the sum of 48 bytes payload and 5 bytes overhead.

The telephony people involved with the ATM negociations wanted a 32 byte payload, because low payload means low transmission delay (You don't have to wait for a zillion bytes prior to send, you don't have to wait for a zillion bytes prior to send to the DAC).

The data people trusted the technology, and didn't want to waste 5 bytes every 32 payload bytes. So they wanted twice as much payload per cell.

The fighting was ended when they decided to make everybody happy : they took the mean between 32 bytes and 64 bytes and chose to use 48 bytes, which is a pleasure to implement, especially in hardware.