Modern rhinoplasty was first performed by an otolaryngologist (head-and-neck surgeon) named John Orlando Roe in 1887, specifically for Irish immigrants to change their pug noses and look more like "real Americans." A surgeon named Jacques Joseph independently developed and reported on the technique by reducing a man's unusually-large nose, which caused him frequent public harassment, in 1898. In time, the procedure became popular among Jews in both the United States and Europe, especially during the rise of Hitler's Third Reich in order to escape persecution.
It's interesting, I think, that a procedure that's seen today as purely cosmetic was originally conceived to help individuals escape harassment, persecution, and even death because of their ethnic background.