A person of mixed Spanish and indigenous ancestry generally residing in Spanish America. "Cholo" is often used as a pejorative similar to "mestizo" or even "half-breed."

It can also be used as a friendly appellation in the same way that "gringo," "negro," or "sambo" can be used among acquaintances in an affectionate manner. In contrast to the United States, where the mere mention of race can provoke a conflict, racial identifiers are often used quite freely in Latin American nations.