1830

Woodman, spare that tree!
Touch not a single bough!
In youth it sheltered me,
And I'll protect it now.

- George Pope Morris, 1830

Mary had a little lamb;
Its fleece was white as snow,
And everywhere that Mary went
The lamb was sure to go.

- Sarah Josepha Hale, Poems for our Children, 1830

Stolen sweets are always sweeter,
Stolen kisses much completer,
Stolen looks are nice in chapels,
Stolen, stolen, be your apples.

- Leigh Hunt, Song of Fairies Robbing an Orchard, 1830

It was a dark and stormy night.

- Opening line of Edward Bulwer-Lytton's 1830 novel Paul Clifford.

C'est une fête toute napolitaine, monseigneur, nous dansons sur un volcan!"
(This is truly a Neapolitan event, Sire, for we are dancing on a volcano!)"

- the Comte de Salvandy, during a June fête held by the duc d'Orleans for the King of Naples.

Born in 1830:

• German pianist Hans von Bülow.
• Irish-born American labor leader Mary Harris Jones, aka 'Mother Jones'.
• English mathematician Thomas Archer Hirst.
• Chinese painter Pu Hua.
• Italian mathematician Luigi Cremona.
• British poet Thomas Edward Brown.
• British painter Thomas Lawrence.
• French writer Jules de Goncourt.
• French socialist and anarchist Louise Michel.
• British painter and antiquarian Henry Wallis.
• British poet Christina Rossetti.
• British novelist Henry Kingsley.
• French chemist Francois-Marie Raoult.
• German chemist Julius Lother Meyer.
• French impressionist painter Camille Pissarro.
• Bad Scottish poet William McGonagall.
• American poet Emily Dickinson.
• Austrian poet Karl Goldmark.
• Austrian writer Marie Ebner von Eschenbach.
• Portuguese poet João de Deus.
• American painter Albert Bierstadt.
• British painter and sculptor Frederic Leighton, later Lord Leighton.
• American philosopher and champion of evolution Chauncey Wright.
• British suffragist Emily Davies.
• American lawyer and early feminist Belva Ann Lockwood.
• Future (very soon-to-be, in fact) Queen Isabella II of Spain.
• Future viceroy of Egypt Ismail Pasha.
• French poet Frederic Mistral.
• Mexican general and statesman Porfirio Díaz.
• Chester Alan Arthur, Union General and 21st President of the United States of America.

• French mathematician Jean Baptiste Joseph Fourier.
• Japanese printmaker Katsukawa Shunsen.
• British politician William Huskisson, the first person ever run over by a train.
• English writer William Hazlitt.
• Henrietta Maria Bowdler, the first editor of an expurgated version of Shakespeare finished by her brother.
• King George IV of Hannover, as well as the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.  William IV succeeds him.
• General Antonio José de Sucre, first president of Bolivia.
• (December 17) 'El Libertador' Simón Bolívar, tuberculosis.

• Thomas Southwood Smith's Treatise on Fever argues that disease is the prinicpal cause of poverty.
• Wang Qingren published several anatomy treatises, including Yilin Gaicuo (Errors Corrected from the Forest of Physicians)
• Alfred Tennyson's Poems, Chiefly Lyrical is published.
• Henri Bayle (aka 'Stendahl')'s novel Le Rouge et le noir appears.
• Henry Savery's Quintus Servinton is the first novel published in Australia.
• Honore de Balzac's collection of six stories, Scenes de la vie privee, is published.
• The Book of Mormon is published as Joseph Smith and his five followers organize the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints in upstate New York.
• Although the locomotive 'Tom Thumb' loses its famous Baltimore race to a horse, regular passenger service begins between Baltimore and Ellicotts Mills, the first such service in the United States.   In Britain, tragedy strikes the opening of the Liverpool and Machester Railway when Huskisson is run over.
• Former president John Quincy Adams is elected to the House of Representatives.
• The fifth decennial United States Census counts 12,866,020 people, including 1,987,428 slaves.
• The United States congress passes the Indian Removal Act, authorizing president Andrew Jackson to force Native Americans to move west of the Mississippi River.  American painter George Catlin travels to St. Louis, meets William Clark, and travels with him out into the prairie, painting images of the Plains Indians.
• The National Negro Convention meets in Philadelphia, discussing ways to get slavery abolished.
• Mexico forbids any more Americans from emigrating into Texas, as well as the importation of slaves from the United States.
• (April 24) the Ottoman sultan accepts the independence of Greece, and grants Serbia autonomy within the Empire.
• Uruguay passes a constitution, with General Jose Fructoso Rivera as its first president.
• Venezuela decided to break away from Gran Colombia the previous year; the Venezuelan Cogress officially proclaims indepdenence on January 21.  Simón Bolívar resigns (April 27) as president.  If Bolivar is unable to stop Gran Golombia's breakup, his successor, Jose Domingo Caciedo cannot possibly do anything.  The provinces of Quito and Guayaquil break away to form the independent state of Ecuador on May 13, with Juan Jose Flores as its first president.
• Revolution in France. 
• (January 31) because of an 1827 insult to their ambassador, French king Charles X and his reactionary First Minister the Prince de Polignac, send an invasion force to Algeria.
• (February 13) Comedie-Francaise shows the political play Hernani, whose villain 'Don Carlo' is brought low.  King Charles X is not amused.
• (March) the Chamber of Deputies demands the dismissal of Polignac.
• (May) Instead, Charles dismisses the Chamber and calls for new elections.
• (July 9) The Bourbon fleur-de-lyse flag is raised over the Casbah in Algiers and French troops treat the city to a rather thorough sack.
• (July 26) The new elections produce another Liberal majority.  Polignac makes a pre-emptive strike, issuing the 'July Ordinances', a set of decrees, dissolving the Chamber (which has not met yet), and restricting freedom of the press.
• (July 27) Paris rises.
• (July 29) The National Guard, under the command of the 73-year-old Marquis de Lafayette, takes control of Paris.  Proponents of a republic (with Lafayette as president) gather at the Hôtel de Ville.  Proponents of a constitutional monarchy under Louis-Phillipe, duc d' Orleans, gather at the newspaper Le National.
• (July 30) Charles X dismisses Polignac.  Too little, too late.
• (July 31) Louis-Phillipe appears at the Hôtel de Ville, where he and Lafayette wrap themselves in tricolors and embrace; the white Bourbon flag with gold semy-de-lys is taken down forever.
• (August 2) Charles (and his son the Dauphin) abdicates in favor of Charles's grandson, but Henri V
• (August 7) The Chamber declares the throne vacant.
• (August 9) Louis-Phillipe is declared king.  Charles leaves for England.
• Revolution in the Netherlands.  The Catholic southern half of the Netherlands, chafing at rule from Holland, follows the example of France.
• (August 25) Dutch forces in Brussels are attacked.
• (September 23-26) Crown Prince Frederick fails to capture Brussels, in heavy street fighting.
• (October 4) The independent state of Belgium is declared.
• (October 27) Dutch forces capture the citadel of Brussels.
• (Deecember 20) A conference in London (Lord Palmerston and Talleyrand) confirms Belgian independence.
• (November 29) Revolution in Poland.  Tsar Nicholas I, ever the absolutist, proposes using the Polish army to suppress the French and Belgian uprisings.   Instead, the Poles expel Russian troops from the part of Poland occupied by Russia; the Polish Congress declares a revolutionary government in Warsaw. Support gathers for revolution in the part of Poland occupied by Prussia.  Frederic Chopin arrives in Vienna.
• No revolution in Italy as Prince Metternich ruthlessly suppresses the Carbonari.
• Members of the Raleigh Dining Club decide a more formal organization for the advancement of Geography is needed and the Royal Geographical Society is chartered with the support of William IV.
• Chicago, Illinois laid out.
• A major earthquake strikes Tehran, now estimated at 7.2 on the Richter scale.

1829 - 1830 - 1831

How they Were Made - 19th Century

Busy year.

London reorganizes its police force into the famous Scotland Yard. The establishment of the agency is a response to the utter lawlessness of London and the inefficiency of a disorganized and untrained group of “petty bobbies” (police officers), who must often be bribed in order to make an arrest. Scotland Yard is run by former high-ranking military officers and the ranks of highly trained constables soon swell to over 3,000. “The Yard” has for many years been considered a top rank investigative and police agency and often works with other countries to combat crime and terrorism.