m8888888's New Writeupshttp://everything2.com/?node=New%20Writeups%20Atom%20Feed&foruser=m88888882005-01-26T15:23:33Zreticulocyte (thing)http://everything2.com/user/m8888888/writeups/reticulocytem8888888http://everything2.com/user/m88888882005-01-26T15:23:33Z2005-01-26T15:23:33Z<p><a href="/title/Immature">Immature</a> <a href="/title/red+blood+cells">red blood cells</a> (RBCs). They're normally found mostly in the <a href="/title/bone+marrow">bone marrow</a> and make up less than 2% of RBCs in the <a href="/title/blood">blood</a> stream. </p>
<p>The concentration of reticulocytes is determined by a <a href="/title/blood+test">blood test</a> called a reticulocyte count, which helps determine if RBCs are being created in the <a href="/title/bone+marrow">bone marrow</a> at a <a href="/title/normal">normal</a> rate. The test is often given to see if a patient's <a href="/title/anemia">anemia</a> <a href="/title/treatment">treatment</a> is working, as well as to help determine the cause of anemia. A low concentration can indicate anemia due to lack of RBC production by the bone marrow. This can be due to bone marrow <a href="/title/failure">failure</a>, liver <a href="/title/cirrhosis">cirrhosis</a>, <a href="/title/folic+acid">folate</a>-, <a href="/title/iron">iron</a>- or <a href="/title/vitamin+B12">vitamin B12</a> <a href="/title/deficiency">deficiency</a>, <a href="/title/radiation+therapy">radiation therapy</a>, or <a href="/title/kidney+disease">kidney disease</a> with decreased <a href="/title/erythropoietin">erythropoietin</a> production. A high concentration indicates increased production of RBCs, for example following <a href="/title/chemotherapy">chemotherapy</a> or an anemia caused by <a href="/title/bleeding">bleeding</a> or increased RBC <a href="/title/destruction">destruction</a>; the body increases RBC production and sends them into <a href="/title/circulation">circulation</a> before they're fully<!-- close unclosed tag --></p>…Erythropoietin (thing)http://everything2.com/user/m8888888/writeups/Erythropoietinm8888888http://everything2.com/user/m88888882004-11-12T12:52:52Z2004-11-12T12:52:52Z<p>Erythropoietin is a <a href="/title/glycoprotein">glycoprotein</a> <a href="/title/hormone">hormone</a> produced in the <a href="/title/kidney">kidney</a> that controls <a href="/title/erythrocyte">erythrocyte</a> production.</p>
<p>Special cells send out erythropoietin in response to <a href="/title/hypoxia">hypoxia</a>, or a decreased <a href="/title/red+blood+cells">red blood cell</a> concentration. Erythropoietin stimulates <a href="/title/bone+marrow">bone marrow</a> to produce more red blood cells, which leads to more <a href="/title/oxygen">oxygen</a> out to your <a href="/title/muscles">muscles</a>. It can increase red blood cell production by 5-8 times. You can tell that production has increased because the blood will contain a lot of <a href="/title/reticulocyte">reticulocytes</a>, which are slightly immature red blood cells.</p>
<p>Normal levels of erythropoietin in blood are 0 to 19 milliunits per milliliter. Erythropoietin concentration decreases with some bone marrow disorders, since the marrow won't respond by producing more blood cells like it's supposed to, or some kidney <a href="/title/disease">disease</a>, since the erythropoietin-producing cells are damaged. Concentration increases in patients with <a href="/title/polycythaemia+rubra+vera">polycythaemia rubra vera</a>.</p>e6000 (thing)http://everything2.com/user/m8888888/writeups/e6000m8888888http://everything2.com/user/m88888882004-11-12T12:20:28Z2004-11-12T12:20:28Z<p>My favorite <a href="/title/adhesive">adhesive</a>!</p>
<p>E6000 is a <q>tough, <a href="/title/flexible">flexible</a> and highly versatile <a href="/title/rubber">rubber</a>-based compound that exhibits exceptional adhesive, contact adhesive and sealant qualities.</q> -<cite>Eclectic Products, Inc., E6000 manufacturer</cite></p>
<p>It is also <a href="/title/clear">clear</a>, <a href="/title/industrial+strength">industrial strength</a>, self-leveling, <a href="/title/waterproof">waterproof</a>, paintable, and safe for <a href="/title/photograph">photographs</a>! The only <a href="/title/ingredient">ingredient</a> listed is <a href="/title/perchloroethylene">perchloroethylene</a>, but the package does state it contains an unnamed <a href="/title/chemical">chemical</a> known to the state of <a href="/title/California">California</a> to cause <a href="/title/cancer">cancer</a>. Deliberate <a href="/title/misuse">misuse</a> may be harmful, as may <a href="/title/inhalation">inhalation</a> or <a href="/title/ingestion">ingestion</a>.</p>
<p>Highly superior to <a href="/title/rubber+cement">rubber cement</a>, <a href="/title/Elmer%2527s+glue">Elmer's</a>, or any normal <a href="/title/glue">glue</a>, E6000 can stick just about anything to anything. <a href="/title/Permanently">Permanently</a>.</p>tumor suppressor gene (thing)http://everything2.com/user/m8888888/writeups/tumor+suppressor+genem8888888http://everything2.com/user/m88888882004-11-12T10:19:19Z2004-11-12T10:19:19Z<p>A <a href="/title/gene">gene</a> that normally encodes for <a href="/title/protein">proteins</a> that regulate the <a href="/title/cell+cycle">cell cycle</a>. These genes keep the cell cycle in check, so that cells don't <a href="/title/reproduce">reproduce</a> too much or with damaged <a href="/title/DNA">DNA</a>. <a href="/title/Inactivation">Inactivation</a> or <a href="/title/mutation">mutation</a> of one of these babies means a cell can reproduce without limits, leading to a <a href="/title/tumor">tumor</a>.</p>
<p>The most famous of all the tumor suppressor genes are <a href="/title/p53">p53</a> and <a href="/title/Rb">Rb</a>.</p>Rb (thing)http://everything2.com/user/m8888888/writeups/Rbm8888888http://everything2.com/user/m88888882004-11-12T09:36:02Z2004-11-12T09:36:02Z<p>Rb is a <a href="/title/tumor+suppressor+gene">tumor suppressor gene</a> that regulates <a href="/title/cell+division">cell division</a>. It prevents a <a href="/title/cell">cell</a> from dividing until in has enough <a href="/title/protein">proteins</a> to enter the <a href="/title/The+mitotic+cell+cycle">cell cycle</a> by binding to a <a href="/title/transcription+factor">transcription factor</a>. Rb complexes with E2F, a <a href="/title/transcription+factor">transcription factor</a> that's needed for a cell to begin <a href="/title/mitosis">mitosis</a>. When the start <a href="/title/kinase">kinase</a> for entering the cell cycle is activated, Rb is phosphorylated, dissociates with E2F, and the cell enters the <a href="/title/The+mitotic+cell+cycle">S stage</a>.</p>
<p>People born with a <a href="/title/defect">defect</a> in an Rb gene have a much higher chance of developing <a href="/title/retinoblastoma">retinoblastoma</a>, a disease where you get icky <a href="/title/tumor">tumors</a> in your eyes. Since they already have one defective copy of the gene, it only takes one <a href="/title/mutation">mutation</a> in the second, normal gene for them to develop the disease. In people with two normal copies of the gene, the chances are low that both will develop mutations leading to retinoblastoma.</p>
<p>The Rb gene is also involved in <a href="/title/cervical+cancer">cervical cancer</a> caused by <a href="/title/HPV">HPV</a>. HPV has genes that<!-- close unclosed tag --></p>…thrombocytopenia (thing)http://everything2.com/user/m8888888/writeups/thrombocytopeniam8888888http://everything2.com/user/m88888882004-11-11T17:28:38Z2004-11-11T17:28:38Z<p>Below normal <a href="/title/platelet">platelet</a> count (less than 100,000 per microliter) because of reduced <a href="/title/production">production</a> or increased <a href="/title/destruction">destruction</a>. Can be caused by <a href="/title/bone+marrow">bone marrow</a> injury or failure due to <a href="/title/leukemia">leukemia</a> for example, autoimmune diseases like <a href="/title/Systemic+Lupus+Erythematosus">SLE</a>, <a href="/title/prosthetic">prosthetic</a> <a href="/title/heart+valves">heart valves</a>, or <a href="/title/HIV">HIV</a> infection.</p>
<p>Characterized by spontaneous <a href="/title/bleeding">bleeding</a>, and a longer than normal bleeding time.</p>