• 1900  In order to explain Black Body Radiation, Max Planck introduces the concept of light as quantified objects, photons. 
• 1905 Albert Einstein presents an explanation to the Photoelectric Effect by the use of photons. 
• 1906 Albert Einstein uses the concept of quantified energy in his theory for specific heat temperature dependence of solids. 
• 1910 In a famous experiment, Ernest Rutherford discovers that atoms consists of a heavy nucleus and a cloud of electrons. 
• 1913 Niels Bohr contradicts classical Newtonian physics when he describes atomic spectra with quantum theory energy levels.
• 1924 Louis De Broglie presents his wave hypothesis, which suggests that electrons - and all matter - have wave characteristics, as well as particle characteristics. 
• 1924 Werner Heisenberg makes a first draft of the new quantum mechanics theory. 
• 1925 Erwin Schrödinger presents the wave mechanics with its wave function. 
• 1926 Max Born interprets the wave function as a "probability wave" and not a "physical wave" that Schrödinger suggested. 
• 1926 Graduate student Paul Dirac presents a quantum mechanics theory that includes Schrödinger's and Heisenberg's theories.  
• 1927 Werner Heisenberg present the uncertainty principle. 
• 1927 Niels Bohr introduces the principle of complementarity as a philosophical approach to quantum mechanics. 
• 1928 Paul Dirac presents a wave function for the electron, combining special relativity and quantum mechanics. This theory predicted several phenomena that later was confirmed; antiparticles and electron spin.
• 1948 Richard P Feymnan, Julian Schwinger et al, develops methods within Quantum Electrodynamics which allow spectacular agreement between theoretical computations and experimental measurements.

What the next 100 years of quantum mechanics will bring us ? Well...

• Quantum computers
• Quantum cryptograhy
• Unified theory for quantum mechanics and theory of realtivity

Finally, a quote from the physics teacher of Max Planck, the man who started it all, in 1876:

Don't spend your time on physics; there's hardly anything left to discover

Source: ne.se, britannica.com for English terminology