More formally, transubstatiation can be explained by distinguishing between form and substance. Transubstantiation is simply a process where the substance changes, but not the form. However, it must be stressed that the terms form and substance are not used in the modern sense of shape and material. These terms are used in the context of Aritstoelian/Scholastic metphysics.
Contrary to bigeldac's comment, transsubstantiation is not caused by belief. That is, even if I really believe that can of Coke is really Pepsi, that can is no less a can of Coke than it was before. It is the Catholic's belief, however, that by the grace of God, when the priest utters the words of the sacrament, the substance of the bread and wine become body and blood of Christ---whether one chooses to believe it or not. That is why it's considered a miracle.
There have been cases where reportedly, the (form of the) bread actually changed to real flesh, and the wine, blood. Although I am a Catholic, somehow the idea grosses me out.
Matthew 14:22-25 (NIV): 22While they were eating, Jesus took bread, gave thanks and broke it, and gave it to his disciples, saying, "Take it; this is my body." 23Then he took the cup, gave thanks and offered it to them, and they all drank from it. 24"This is my blood of the covenant, which is poured out for many," he said to them. 25"I tell you the truth, I will not drink again of the fruit of the vine until that day when I drink it anew in the kingdom of God."
If anyone says that in the sacred and holy sacrament of the Eucharist the substance of the bread and wine remains conjointly with the body and blood of our Lord Jesus Christ, and denies that wonderful and singular change of the whole substance of the bread into the body and the whole substance of the wine into the blood, the appearances only of bread and wine remaining, which change the Catholic Church most aptly calls transubstantiation, let him be anathema. 1
Tran`sub*stan`ti*a"tion (?), n. [LL. transubstantiatio: cf. F. transsubstantiation.]
1.
A change into another substance.
2. R. C. Theol.
The doctrine held by Roman Catholics, that the bread and wine in the Mass is converted into the body and blood of Christ; -- distinguished from consubstantiation, and impanation.
© Webster 1913.
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