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hypokalemia
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Sat Apr 19 2003 at 22:33:42
A
deficiency
of
potassium
in the
blood
.
The reference range for serum potassium level is 3.5-5 mEq/L, with total body potassium stores of approximately 50 mEq/kg (ie, approximately 3500 mEq in a 70-kg person).
Hypokalemia is defined as a potassium level less than 3.5 mEq/L.
Moderate
hypokalemia:
serum
level of 2.5-3 mEq/L.
Severe
hypokalemia:
serum
level less than 2.5 mEq/L.
Common
symptom
s
:
Palpitation
s
Skeletal muscle weakness or
cramp
ing
Paralysis
,
paresthesia
s
Constipation
Nausea
or
vomiting
Abdominal
cramping
Polyuria
,
nocturia
, or
polydipsia
Psychosis
,
delirium
, or
hallucination
s
Depression
Causes
:
Renal
losses
Renal tubular
acidosis
Hyperaldosteronism
Magnesium
depletion
Leukemia
(mechanism uncertain)
G.I.
losses
Vomiting or nasogastric suctioning
Diarrhea
Enema
s or
laxative
use
Ileal
loop
Medication effects
Diuretic
s (most common cause)
Beta-adrenergic agonists
Steroid
s
Theophylline
and/or
acute
caffeine
poisoning.
Aminoglycoside
s
Transcellular shift
Insulin
Alkalosis
Malnutrition or decreased dietary intake,
parenteral
nutrition
hy·po·ka·le·mia
Etymology
: New Latin, from
hypo
- +
kalium
potassium (from
kali
alkali
, from
Arabic
qily
saltwort
) + -emia
Date: 1949
- hy·po·ka·le·mic /-mik/ adjective
printable version
chaos
Potassium
paresthesia
Hypokalemic Periodic Paralysis
caffeine
Electrolyte imbalance
G.I.
Terri Schiavo
parenteral
Diarrhea
Acidosis
Saltwort
Alkali
Kalium
Palpitation
depression
Abdominal
vomiting
Iatrogenic Cascade
alkalosis
insulin
aminoglycoside
theophylline
Steroid
Diuretic
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