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Electrolytic capacitor
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Mon Mar 12 2001 at 20:51:27
The
electrolytic
capacitor
has a high
capacitance
in
relation
to its size. There are two
basic
types, one uses a
liquid
electrolyte
the other a dry.
The liquid electrolyte capacitor's
electrode
s are mostly made from
aluminium
and dipped in an acidbath to make its surface
porous
. This increases the
surface area
of the electrode over 300 times. The electrodes are then
oxidized
. This oxide layer forms the
dielectrum
A layer of
paper
is put between the two electrodes. This paper is moistened with an electrolyte made from a mix of
boric
acid,
glycol
, salt and a solvent. The electrolyte has a low
resistance
and flows in to all the small holes and crevices in the aluminium oxide. This creates a good contact to the surface, and due to the large surface area, the capacitor gets a high capacitance. These capacitors are
polarized
and should not be connected the other way as they will explode (this is of course something students of electronic engineering do for fun). These types of capacitors have a capacitance of between 0.1uF to 0.5F and are produced for
voltage
s up to 500V. The length this type of capacitor's 'life' is highly dependant on temperature, its lifelength is halved for each 10 degrees Celsius the temperature increases
The solid electrolyte capacitor (SAL, Solid Aluminium Electrolyte) uses either
manganese
dioxide
or an
organic
semiconductor
as the dielectric material.
They are made in a similar way to the liquid electrolyte capacitor. But uses a fiberglass separator in stead of paper. This is impregnated with the manganese dioxide or the semiconductor, and put between the electrodes. The manganese dioxide is available with values from 0.1uF to about 3000uF, and has a higher
tolerance
to temperature variation. But their lifetime is more sensitive to the voltage than that of an liquid electrolyte capacitor
The organic semiconductor type are manufactured with values up to about 300uF. They have a higher
internal
resistance than the liquid electrolyte, but have a better temperature tolerance.
The
tantalum capacitor
is similar to a SAL but has
tantalum
electrodes.
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