• German mathematician Leonhard Euler.
• Swedish naturalist Karl von Linne, aka "Carolus Linnaeus", father of taxonomy.
• French philosopher and mathematician Comte Georges-Louis Leclerc de Buffon.
• English mathematician Benjamin Robins.
• Italian mathematician Vincenzo Riccati.
• Italian playwright Carlo Goldoni.
• French composer Jean-Baptiste Barriere.
• English painter William Hoare.
• English novelist Henry Fielding.
• Scottish printer Robert Foulis.
• English hymnwriter and evangelist Charles Wesley, who helped his brother found Methodism.
• Selina Hastings, Countess of Huntingdon, leader of a Calvinist faction within early Methodism.
• English nobleman and biographer John Boyle, fifth earl of Orrery.

• German organist and composer Dietrich Buxtehude.
• English composer Jeremiah Clarke.
• Irish dramatist George Farquhar.
• Italian painter Antonio Verrio.
• German composer Daniel Speer.
• French artist Noël Coypel.
• English scientist Walter Charleton, best known for an incorrect theory about Stonehenge.
• German musical instrument maker Johann Christoph Denner.
• Françoise-Athénaïs de Rochechouart, Marquise de Montespan, a former mistress of Louis XIV.
• Mughal emperor Aurangzeb Alamgir, the last effective ruler of the empire.
• (March 3) A'zam Shah, Aurangzeb's second son, see below.
• John Dalrymple, 1st Earl of Stair, ally of William III and architect of the 1692 Glen Coe Massacre, and supporter of the Act of Union, see below.

• Parliament passes an Act of Union permanently uniting Scotland with England and Wales, creating the United Kingdom of Great Britain, and Queen Anne signs it. The Scottish Parliament dissolves in April.
• Peter the Great has his marriage declared null, and sends his former wife Eudoxia off to a convent.  He secretly marries Marta Skavronska, now called "Catherine", formerly a Lithuanian peasant.
• (June 12) There are two contenders to succeed Aurangzeb as Emperor: His eldest son, Bahadur Shah, and second son, Azam Shah.  Bahadur marches his army all the way to Agra from Afghanistan, and then meets his brothers army at the Battle of Jajau.   Bahadur is victorious, and takes the throne. Azam and his son are killed.
• The War of the Spanish Succession/Queen Anne's War:
• Frantisek Rákóczi starts a revolt in Hungary, declaring the Hapsburgs deposed.
• The Austrians capture Naples from the Spanish.
• A French army under Marshal Villars crosses the Rhine and rapes and plunders The Palatinate.  Many Lutherans and Calvinists emigrate to England (most eventually to America) as a result.
• Prince Eugene of Savoy sends an army into Provence. Although he captures Nice, he loses 10,000 men and must withdraw.
• Prussian king Frederick I inherits the future Swiss canton, Neuchâtel.
• An English attack on Port Royal is unsuccessful.
• (April 25) James Fitzjames, Duke of Berwick, (fighting for the Bourbons) defeats the allied Anglo-Portuguese army at Almansa.
• (September 21) Abenaki Indians attack Winter Harbor, Maine.
• The Great Northern War:
• Swedish King Charles XII has forced the Elector of Saxony to renounce the Polish throne on behalf of his own candidate Stanislaus Leszczynski.  He now prepares an invasion of Russia to punish Peter for capturing Swedish territory to build his new capital, St. Petersburg, now nearing completion.
• Peter's son Alexis directs the fortification of Moscow.
• The Don Cossacks, led by hetman Kondraty Afanasyevich Bulavin, rise up in rebellion agaist Peter. Ukrainian Cossack hetman Ivan Stepanovych Mazepa helps Peter squash this revolt.

1706 - 1707 - 1708

How they Were Made - 18th Century